«The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History and Science» edited by Michael R. Peres, published in 2007, serves as a definitive resource that encapsulates the evolution, technology, and cultural impact of photography in a digital age. Emerging from the legacy of its earlier editions, this fourth iteration is notably distinguished by its focus on the rapid advancements within digital imaging and photography. Unlike conventional encyclopedias, this volume is organized thematically rather than alphabetically, promoting a narrative exploration of topics, which aligns with modern digital research behaviors and the expansive nature of photographic content available on the internet.
The encyclopedia is structured to appeal to a wide range of readers, including students, practitioners, and researchers, by presenting authoritative information on various aspects of photography and digital imaging. The thematic sections cover a comprehensive array of topics such as the history and evolution of photography, major themes and influential photographers of the 20th century, technological advancements, contemporary issues in digital photography, scientific photography, human vision, and essentials of 20th-century materials and processes.
One of the primary motivations behind this edition is the acknowledgment of photography’s transformation from a chemically based practice to a digitally dominant medium. The shift from silver halide materials to digital tools has revolutionized how images are created, stored, and shared. This transformation is so profound that it has altered the very fabric of photographic practice and its applications, making digital images more ubiquitous yet often less tangible as they predominantly reside on digital platforms rather than being printed.
The book emphasizes the dual nature of modern photography where both film and digital technologies coexist, allowing the users to navigate seamlessly between these two mediums. This coexistence is seen not just as a transitional phase but as an opportunity for hybrid practices that blend the aesthetics and techniques of traditional photography with the possibilities offered by digital alterations and enhancements.
The encyclopedia does not shy away from addressing the challenges posed by the digital age. Issues such as the integrity and longevity of digital images, digital image piracy, and the implications for professional photojournalists in an era where everyday citizens can instantly capture and distribute images, are thoroughly examined. These discussions are not only philosophical but also practical, offering insights into how photographers and image-makers might adapt to and leverage these changes.
Contributions from a diverse group of international experts and collaboration with institutions like the George Eastman House enrich the encyclopedia, presenting a broad spectrum of perspectives and expertise. This diversity is reflected in the inclusion of detailed photographic reproductions and the intricate interplay between historical and contemporary practices documented within the book. The examination of digital imagery’s role in visual culture further underscores its pervasive influence, highlighting the democratization of image making and distribution enabled by modern technologies.
In conclusion, «The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History and Science» curated by Michael R. Peres stands as a landmark reference that captures the multifaceted world of photography. It bridges past practices with contemporary digital innovations, providing a holistic view that is both educational and inspirational for anyone engaged with the art, science, and application of photography in today’s digital era.
